If you’re dealing with blood clotting issues, you’ve probably heard of rivaroxaban, also known by its brand name Xarelto. This powerful medication is commonly prescribed to treat and prevent blood clots, helping people reduce their risk of strokes, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). But what exactly is rivaroxaban, and how does it work? In this blog, we’ll cover everything you need to know about rivaroxaban, from how it works to how to take it, along with potential side effects and other important information.
What is Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)?
Rivaroxaban is a blood thinner, also known as an anticoagulant, which helps to prevent blood clots from forming. It works by blocking Factor Xa, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the clotting process. Without this enzyme, your blood is less likely to clot, which reduces the risk of potentially dangerous clots forming in the veins or lungs.
Most people are prescribed rivaroxaban after they’ve been diagnosed with conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary embolism (PE). Doctors also recommend it to prevent blood clots after certain surgeries, like hip or knee replacements.
Why Do People Take Rivaroxaban?
Here’s a breakdown of the most common reasons why doctors prescribe Xarelto:
1. Preventing and Treating Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Rivaroxaban is often prescribed to treat DVT, which occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. If this clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause PE — a life-threatening condition. By taking Xarelto, you help prevent new clots from forming and reduce the risk of complications from existing ones.
2. Stroke Prevention in People with Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
AFib is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, increasing the risk of blood clots forming in the heart. These clots can travel to the brain, causing a stroke. Rivaroxaban is often prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke in people with nonvalvular AFib (AFib not caused by heart valve problems).
3. After Surgery to Prevent Blood Clots
After surgeries like hip or knee replacement, patients are at higher risk of developing blood clots. Rivaroxaban helps prevent these clots during the recovery process, ensuring a smoother healing journey.
4. Reducing the Risk of Heart Problems
For people with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD), rivaroxaban lowers the risk of complications like heart attacks or strokes.
How to Take Rivaroxaban
Taking Xarelto properly is key to ensuring it works effectively. Here’s how it typically works for different conditions:
Stroke and Blood Clot Prevention in AFib:
- Dosage: 20 mg once a day with your evening meal.
Treating DVT or PE:
- Initial Treatment: 15 mg twice a day for the first 21 days with food.
- Maintenance: 20 mg once a day with food.
Post-Surgery Clot Prevention:
- Hip Surgery: 10 mg once a day for 35 days.
- Knee Surgery: 10 mg once a day for 12 days.
Make sure to take Xarelto with food to improve absorption, and stick to the prescribed schedule to prevent missed doses. If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but avoid doubling up on doses.
Warnings You Need to Know About
While rivaroxaban is effective, there are some important things to keep in mind to stay safe while using it:
1. Bleeding Risk
Because Xarelto is a blood thinner, the biggest risk is bleeding. Bleeding could be serious, so you need to be cautious and stay alert for any signs of unusual bleeding. This could include:
- Frequent or severe nosebleeds
- Unexplained bruising
- Coughing up blood or vomiting blood
- Dark or bloody stools
If you notice any of these, it’s crucial to seek medical attention right away.
2. Spinal Problems for Those Getting Epidural Injections
If you’re planning to have a spinal procedure or epidural injection while taking Xarelto, be aware of the risk of developing a spinal hematoma (a blood clot in the spine). This could cause permanent nerve damage. Talk to your doctor about any upcoming procedures.
3. Kidney and Liver Health
Xarelto can cause problems for people with kidney or liver issues, as it’s processed through these organs. If you have impaired kidney or liver function, your doctor may adjust your dose or look into alternative treatments.
4. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Xarelto should be avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It’s also not recommended for breastfeeding because the drug can pass into breast milk.
Common Side Effects of Rivaroxaban
Like all medications, Xarelto comes with a list of possible side effects. Some of the most common ones include:
- Bleeding (minor or major)
- Anemia: A condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, which can cause fatigue or weakness.
- Nausea
- Headache
Severe side effects are uncommon but may include:
- Allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat)
- Liver problems (yellowing skin or eyes)
- Swelling in the legs or feet (indicating potential kidney issues)
If you notice anything unusual, it’s always a good idea to call your doctor to discuss your symptoms.
Tips for Taking Rivaroxaban Safely
To get the most out of Xarelto and reduce your risk of complications, keep these tips in mind:
- Don’t stop suddenly: Stopping Xarelto suddenly can increase your risk of forming blood clots.
- Consult your doctor before making any adjustments to your treatment plan.
- Keep track of your doses: Use a pill organizer or set reminders on your phone to make sure you never miss a dose.
- Check for interactions: Let your doctor know about any other medications or supplements you’re taking. Some may interact with Xarelto and affect its effectiveness.
- Get regular check-ups: Routine check-ups are important, especially if you have liver or kidney problems, to ensure that the medication is working properly and that there are no issues.
Conclusion
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is a powerful and effective medication for people at risk of blood clots. Whether you’re dealing with DVT, PE, or need to prevent a stroke from AFib, Xarelto can help reduce your risk. However, it’s crucial to take it as directed, watch for potential side effects, and follow your doctor’s advice closely.
If you have any questions or concerns about Xarelto and its use, don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare provider for guidance. It’s always better to be informed and stay safe when managing your health.
