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Azithromycin has a unique mechanism compared to other macrolide antibiotics. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, suppressing bacterial protein synthesis and growth. This action allows the immune system to eliminate the pathogens more efficiently. Thanks to its long half-life, azithromycin can often be administered as a single large dose or once daily over a short course, which improves patient adherence.
Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the macrolide class. It is commonly prescribed to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory infections, skin infections, ear infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Azithromycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thus stopping the growth and multiplication of bacteria.
| Usage | Azithromycin is taken orally, with tablets, capsules, or a suspension available for use. The dosage varies depending on the type and severity of the infection, patient weight (in children), and the formulation used. It is essential to follow the prescription guidelines provided by a healthcare professional. Azithromycin can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help to reduce stomach upset. |
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| Side Effects | ● Mild to moderate stomach upset, diarrhea, or abdominal pain ● Nausea or vomiting ● Headache Less common but more serious side effects include: ● Severe allergic reactions, such as difficulty breathing, hives, or swelling of the face, lips, and throat ● Liver dysfunction with jaundice or hepatitis ● Alteration in the heartbeat, potentially causing arrhythmias ● Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea |
| Storage | Azithromycin should be stored at room temperature, away from direct light, moisture, and heat. Once mixed, suspension formulations should be kept in the refrigerator and used within the time frame specified on the label. Both tablet and suspension forms should be kept in their original containers and out of the reach of children and pets. |
| Special Precautions | Before using azithromycin, patients should inform their healthcare provider of their medical history, especially liver disease, kidney disease, heart rhythm disorders, or a history of Long QT syndrome. It is essential to list all medications being taken to avoid potential drug interactions. Azithromycin should be used with caution in patients with existing heart conditions due to the risk of arrhythmias. It is not advisable to consume alcohol during treatment as it can exacerbate side effects such as upset stomach and dizziness. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider. |
| Overdose | Symptoms of an overdose on azithromycin may include but are not limited to severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hearing loss. Overdose situations require immediate medical attention. Treatment for an overdose is supportive, closely monitoring the patient's vital signs and providing the necessary measures to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. |
