Metformin, the active ingredient in Glumetza, selectively targets the liver to reduce hepatic glucose production and control hyperglycemia without significantly impacting insulin secretion. It effectively reduces both basal and postprandial plasma glucose levels. Its mechanism also includes slowing the intestinal absorption of glucose and improving insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.

Haloperidol works primarily by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that influences mood, perception, and movement. Excess dopamine activity is associated with psychosis and other psychiatric disorders. By interfering with dopamine transmission, haloperidol can reduce psychotic symptoms, improve thinking and behavior, and provide a calming effect.